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| 1975 |
| | | The MPLA, controlling the capital but not the country, declares itself the government of newly independent Angola | |
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| 1975 |
| | | The republic of Dahomey changes its name to one already famous in African history – Benin | |
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| 1975 |
| | | UNITA and the FNLA join forces to set up a rival Angolan government at Huambo, in the south of the country | |
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| 1975 |
| | | Chiang Kai-shek dies and is succeeded by his son, Chiang Ching-Kuo, as leader of the republic of China in Taiwan | |
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| 1975 |
| | | Khmer Rouge guerrillas, led by Pol Pot, take Phnom Penh and launch a genocidal reign of terror in Cambodia | |
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| 1975 |
| | | Yakubu Gowon, who united Nigeria after the Biafran war, is thrown out in a military coup | |
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| 1975 |
| | | Portuguese East Africa becomes independent as Mozambique, with Frelimo as the only political party | |
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| 1975 |
| | | The Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa, become independent as the republic of Cape Verde | |
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| 1975 |
| | | Mujibur Rahman, with most of his family, is assassinated by junior officers in a coup in Bangladesh | |
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| 1975 |
| | | The island of Papua New Guinea wins independence from Australia | |
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